Why do reactions to others’ claims often miss the mark?

In concrete terms, what does a misaligned reaction to someone’s argument look like?

a.They don’t aim to address the core argument.

b.They focus on peripheral or insignificant details.

c.They make comments that are only loosely related to the original argument.

Why do reactions to others’ claims often miss the mark?

a.They don’t read or listen to the other person’s argument carefully.

b.They don't believe it's necessary to respond to the core of the argument.

c.They don't see a problem with reacting to trivial or peripheral details.

d.They don’t restrain themselves from responding to whatever comes to mind based

　on loose associations.

e.They are deliberately responding in a sophistic way.